Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a broad umbrella term covering all technical equipment for processing and conveying information. ICT consists of two aspects, namely information technology and communication technology.
In the Oxford dictionary (1995), information technology is the study or use of electronic equipment, especially computers to store, analyze, and distribute any kind of information, including words, numbers, and pictures. Rusman, et al. (2012) stated that:
"Information Technology is a series of stages of handling information, which includes the creation of information sources, maintenance of information channels, selection and transmission of information, selective reception of information, storage & retrieval of information, and use of information".
Information technology is a technological device consisting of hardware, software, processes and systems that are used to assist the communication process.
According to UNESCO, ICT is a diverse set of technologies and resources that are used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information.
According to Bambang Warsita (2008:135) information technology is the means and infrastructure (hardware, software, useware) systems and methods for obtaining, transmitting, processing, interpreting, storing, organizing, and using data meaningfully.
Separately, the notion of information technology and communication technology can be divided into information technology and communication technology:
- Information technology is used to process information. An example of information technology is a computer.
- Communication technology is used to transfer information from source to receiver. Examples of communication technologies are telephone and television.
Information technology includes everything related to the process of data manipulation and information management. Communication technology includes everything related to the process of delivering or sending information from sender to receiver. From the understanding of information technology and communication technology, the two technologies are inseparable equivalent technologies, meaning that the two technologies are closely related to each other. Information and communication technology is all forms of activities related to the process of manipulating, managing, and transferring information from the sender to the recipient.
The term Information Technology (Information Technology) became popular in the late 70s. In the past, the term Information Technology was known as Computer Technology or electronic data processing or EDP (Electronic Data Processing). In general, Lucas in Munir (2008) describes the definition of Information Technology, which is explained as follows: "Information Technology is all forms of technology applied to process and transmit information in electronic form, micro computers, mainframe computers, barcode readers, software, processors transactions, worksheet software and communication and network equipment are examples of Information Technology.
ICT is all forms of technology that supports the delivery of information and the implementation of unidirectional, two-way or even more communication. Another understanding also mentions that Information and Communication Technology can be said as the science needed to manage information so that information can be searched easily and accurately. In the academic scope, ICT as part of an information system, which consists of hardware (hardware), software (software), computer networks and other equipment related to ICT.
Thus Information and Communication Technology contains the meaning of all activities related to processing, manipulating, managing, and transferring information between media. Information and communication technology is electronic equipment consisting of hardware and software as well as all activities related to processing, manipulating, processing, and transferring or transferring information between media (Rusman, et al. 2012:89).
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Based Media
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as part of science and technology in general are all technologies related to the retrieval, collection, processing, storage, dissemination, and presentation of information. When viewed at this time the development of information technology, especially in Indonesia is growing. With the information and communication technology can make it easier for us to learn and get the information we need from anywhere, anytime, and from anyone. In the world of education, the development of information technology began to be felt to have a positive impact because with the development of information technology the world of education began to show significant changes.
Information and communication technology (ICT)-based media in the world of education cannot be separated from the demands of 21st century learning. In the perspective of global education, ICT is the pillar of the teacher (support) of the effective implementation of education. In fact, ICT in its development encourages all elements of modern education, teachers, students, parents and schools are required to be adaptive in responding to them (Sutrisno, 2012). According to Alessi and Trollip et al in Sutrisno (2012), Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is not only limited to how to operate a computer, but how to use technology to collaborate, communicate, conduct research, and solve various problems in an increasingly complex and complex learning process. dynamically developing.
Advantages of Information and Communication Technology-Based Media
According to Sadiman et al (2012) in general the media has the following advantages:
- Clarify the presentation of the message so that it is not too verbal (in the form of mere spoken words)
- Overcome the limitations of space, time, and senses.
- The use of appropriate and varied media can overcome the passive nature of students. In this case, the media is useful for generating enthusiasm for learning, allowing more direct interaction between students and the environment and reality, and allowing students to learn independently according to their abilities and interests.
- With the unique nature of each student coupled with a different environment and experience, while the curriculum and educational materials are determined the same for each student, the teacher experiences many difficulties when everything must be overcome alone. This problem can be overcome by the media, namely its ability to: provide the same stimulus, equate experience and generate the same perception.
In addition, Faizi (2013) suggests that learning media have special functions and roles, including:
- Captures an object and an event. Important events or rare objects can be captured with photos, films, and recorded via video or audio, then the event is saved and used when needed.
- Manipulate states, events, or objects. Through learning media, teachers can present abstract learning materials into concrete, so that they are easy to learn and eliminate verbalism.
- Increase learning motivation. The use of media can increase students' learning motivation, so that students' attention to learning materials can increase.
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